ESR 4

Using secondary data from other research projects or statistical offices:

1. To apply network-based approaches to multiple systems to explore how shifts in network topology result in novel systems in a comparative perspective;
2. To determine, via comparative analysis, if there are universal characteristics in network topology valid across multiple cases that can be used to anticipate a transition between states;
3. To explore catastrophic transitions at multiple scales in different contexts; for example, in river systems, land-use change, transitions between different sleep states, brain activity, transitions in political and energy systems.

1. Understanding the commonalities of changes in network topology that
2. can be used to understand the drivers and dynamics of catastrophic transitions, and
3. the potential for their reversal.